| Type of Structure | Damage and Overpressures | |||
| light | heavy | |||
| buried concrete arch | 120 -160 psi | 220 - 280 psi | ||
| buried steel arch | 30 - 40 psi | 45 - 60 psi | ||
| seismic structure | 10.0 psi | 35.0 psi | ||
| reinforced concrete | 7.0 psi | 25.0 psi | ||
| ordinary house | 1.0 psi | 5.0 psi | ||
| glass windows | 0.2 psi | 1.0 psi | ||
| P-Max,* psi | Probable Biological Effect | |
| 5 - 45 | 1 - 99% rupture eardrum | |
| 15 - 25 ** | threshold lung hemorrhage | |
| 35 - 65 ** | 1 - 99% mortality | |
| * side-on or reflected overpressure | ||
| **
applies only to "fast"-rising pressures of "long" duration |
||
| Glass-Missile Data for Penetration of 1-cm Soft Tissue | |||
| glass fragment mass, gms |
velocity,
ft/sec, for indicated probabilities, % |
||
| 1% | 50% | 99% | |
| 0.1 | 235 | 410 | 730 |
| 0.5 | 160 | 275 | 485 |
| 1.0 | 140 | 245 | 430 |
| 10.0 | 115 | 180 | 355 |
| Impact with Hard Surface | ||
| impact velocity, ft/sec | probable biological effect | |
| 0 - 10 | no serious injury | |
| 12 - 16 | fracture feet and legs | |
| 13 - 23 | 1 - 99% skull fracture | |
| 15 - 35 | 1 - 99% mortalty | |
This
page was last updated on 30 October 1999.
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