ODDS AND ENDS
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Armageddon Is At Hand - Or Is It.....
These comments refer to the controversy surrounding the latest type of Amateur
Radio Licence to be issued, the Foundation Licence. Some die-hards insist that it
is the wrong way to go, but we do not agree and point out that every change that
has been introduced over the last hundred years has been greeted with similar short
sighted criticism.
***
In the beginning, Marconi discovered that wireless waves could be used for
communication. Many people read about Marconi's discovery and were fascinated by
it; so much so that they decided to try it for themselves. Thus, Amateur Radio was
born, although it wasn't called that. This happy band of enthusiasts grew in
numbers and expertise until, inevitably, somebody decided that they needed an
organisation to help them co-ordinate their experiments. Thus, on July 5th 1913,
the RSGB was born, although it was then called the London Wireless Club. This name
was soon changed to the Wireless Society of London and in 1922 the name was changed
to the Radio Society of Great Britain.
Doubtless there were some people who feared that this would be the end of the hobby
as they knew it, as it was now going to be organised and controlled by a National
Society and by this time the long arm of officialdom, in the guise of the General
Post Office, had become involved with issuing licences and callsigns. However, the
hobby continued to grow in popularity and much useful design work and many
technical investigations were carried out. There were now two grades of licence,
the full licence and the artificial aerial licence. There was a requirement to
operate on CW for at least a year before an application to operate on telephony
would be considered. Full licence holders were issued with a callsign consisting
of the country designator, followed by a figure, followed by two letters, which
were often the licensee's initials. Artificial aerial licence holders were issued
with a callsign starting with the figure 2, which was followed by three letters.
Operation on 80 metres was only granted to a select few, presumably to prevent
lesser mortals contaminating the preserve of the elite.
Then came World War II, during which all amateur radio activity was banned. All
transmitting equipment, and even some receiving equipment, was impounded for the
duration. In 1946, it was decided that amateur radio operations could recommence,
but with rather different regulations. The war had radically changed public
attitudes, with many of the old conventions being swept away. Also, there were
huge numbers of military radio operators and technicians returning to civvy-street
who wanted to become radio amateurs. The barbarians were at the gates and the old
guard again wailed that the hobby would never be the same again. How right they
were!
Equipment was released from quarantine and pre-war two letter callsigns were re-
issued. However the artificial aerial licences were also re-issued, but with full
privileges and with a country designator preceding the figure 2. As if that wasn't
bad enough, hundreds of newcomers were licensed with callsigns consisting of the
country designator, followed by the figure 3, followed by three letters. Horror of
horrors, the bands would be so congested with all these people who did not know how
to operate that "real" radio amateurs would not be able to enjoy the hobby. What
utter nonsense this was. Sound familiar? Will M3s herald the end of the hobby?
These fears are just as unfounded and fatuous in 2002 as they were more than half a
century before. However, to return to ancient history.
There was now only one grade of licence, which required a written examination and a
Morse test to be passed, and it was still necessary to spend the first year on CW
only. The next bastion to fall was the restriction on the use of 80 metres, but
things then settled down to a period of relative calm. The hobby continued to
prosper, with the number of radio amateurs steadily increasing. In the 1950s, the
"one year on CW" requirement was abolished amid a mighty wailing and gnashing of
teeth from the old guard. The proletariat had breached the barricades and all was
lost. This would surely mean the end. But there was worse, much worse, still to
come.
Of course the end did not come and, despite all the moans and groans, the hobby
continued to prosper. Haven't we heard all this before? But let us continue to
chronicle this downward spiral into the depths of despair and despondency. The
next apocalyptic event was the introduction of the Class B licence, which did not
require any Morse test at all. Things could not get any worse, could they? Of
course they could, and they did, at least in the opinion of "real" radio amateurs.
However, the four horsemen remained in their stables and the end of the world,
although nigh, did not actually occur.
Commercially manufactured transmitters and receivers were now available in large
numbers and were within the financial reach of most amateurs. Alas and alack, not
only did these newcomers not know how to operate, but now they didn't even have to
build their own equipment. The Tony Hancock brigade continued to predict the end.
Surely the hobby could not survive this blow? Of course it did, and it prospered,
and progress marched on.
There were further relaxations of the rules and regulations, which, strangely, were
not greeted with the prophesies of doom with which we had become accustomed. Had
the old guard become inured to change, had they become enlightened or had they just
died? None of these things; they were merely lying in wait to pounce on the next
horrendous innovation.
It was to come in the shape of the Novice Licence. Notwithstanding all the
previous indignities that had been heaped upon the heads of the faithful, amateur
radio licences were now to be issued to children. Some said to be given away with
corn flakes. What insulting and ill-informed clap-trap. The fact that many of the
new novices were mature people, way past retirement age, was conveniently ignored.
How true that "empty vessels make the most noise" and "the most vocal are often the
least eloquent". What seems to have been missed by the detractors of change and
modernisation is the disastrous effect that mobile 'phones, the Internet and the
mass media has had on the hobby. It is no longer a wondrous and exciting thing for
the young to be able to communicate by amateur radio with other like minded people
from the comfort of their own homes. They can use the 'phone or e-mail, enter a
chat-room on the Internet, or just not bother, being content to watch soap operas
on the television.
At least the advent of the Novice Licence brought some new blood into the hobby,
but not enough. Behold the coup de grāce. The Genie is out of the bottle, the
Four Horsemen are in full flight, Pandora's box has been opened. Real radio
amateurs will be condemned to living out their miserable lives in a sea of QRM
before descending into perdition to await the trumpet's blast. Of what cataclysm
do I speak? For whom does the bell toll? It tolls for those, who can't accept
change, even if it is for the better. I speak, of course, about the Foundation
Licence.
The Foundation Licence is arguably one of the best and most beneficial changes to
be made to Amateur Radio for years. Already it has injected thousands of new
operators into the world of HF amateur radio. The vast majority have shown
themselves to be very good operators, better than many of the "whinging G3s" who
spend hours and hours on 80 metres and 40 metres, carping on about things not being
what they used to be in the good old days when they were first licensed. Anybody
old enough to remember those "good old days" can probably also remember the
unreliability, the heterodynes, the frequency drift, the key clicks, the 'phone
transmissions where it was impossible to tell whether it was supposed to be AM, FM,
SSB, or a mixture of all three. Thank goodness things are "not what they used to
be".
But all is not yet safely gathered in. There are further momentous changes to
come. Some are known, some are rumoured and there are, no doubt, some yet to be
conceived. The next major change to the regulations is likely to involve the total
abolition of the Morse requirements and the combining of Class A and Class B
licences into a single Full Licence. Imagine the furore that will engender.
However, Amateur Radio will survive and will prosper and we should applaud the
changes. Those who can't find it within themselves to do that, should at least
accept the inevitable with good grace. We must not lose sight of the fact that
Amateur Radio is a hobby to be enjoyed, not a Crusade for perfection or a search
for the Holy Grail. We are unlikely to find Utopia or Nirvana but we can all
co-exist and still enjoy those facets of the hobby that we love and cherish.
© G3NPF August 2002
Webmaster's Note
Class A and Class B Full and Novice licences were combined to form single Full and
Intermediate licences respectively, on 26th July 2003. A knowledge of the Morse
Code became unnecessary on the same date. Surprisingly, reactions have been mostly
favourable, although there are a few diehards still bemoaning the changes. However,
all that is passing as people realise that, broadly speaking, the new regulations
are of benefit to the hobby.
*************************************
RESISTOR CUBE PROBLEM
The problem is to calculate the resistance between opposite corners of the resistor
cube shown in the diagram. To make it easy, all the resistors have the same value,
in this case 10 ohms. If you find that too easy, try working out the general
solution, where the twelve resistors all have different values. Tony used MathCad
to work out the general solution and it resulted in a formula that would not fit in
one line across the page. But don't be put off, the particular case where all the
resistors have the same value is quite easy to work out, once you have realised
what tricks to use. If you are interested, you can download the General Solution
in zipped Microsoft Word Format here.
Click on the cube to see the solution but don't cheat, try to work it out first.
Double click on the solution to return here.
*************************************
KNOWLEDGE - A PROVERB
He who knows and knows not that he knows is asleep and should be awakened.
He who knows not and knows that he knows not is ignorant and should be educated.
He who knows not and knows not that he knows not is a fool and should be avoided.
But he who knows and knows that he knows is a wise man and should be followed.
*************************************
THE HISTORY OF HORSHAM AMATEUR RADIO CLUB
Before recounting the story of Horsham Amateur Radio Club, it is of interest to
note how different things were in the years between the two World wars compared to
the present day. In the twenties and thirties it was by no means certain that a
house would have had mains electricity, particularly in the country districts.
Even if a supply was available, it was probably 220V DC and suitable only for
light loads and lighting. Most wireless sets (not radios in those days) used
battery power, 120V HT from dry batteries and 2V LT from a rechargeable lead-acid
accumulator. These were normally recharged at the local cycle shop. Short waves
were regarded as useless in the very early years of broadcasting and long and
medium waves were used exclusively. Amateurs had a long-wave band in those days.
Many people used crystal sets, which could only drive headphones and required huge
outside aerials. The more well-to-do could afford a valve set, TRF of course, no
super-heterodyne receivers in those days. During the thirties, things were
beginning to become more like the present day with short-wave broadcasting, valve
super-heterodyne receivers and the establishment of the main amateur short-wave
bands. At this time there were large numbers of enthusiasts who were interested
in home construction and it is not surprising that many towns had sufficient
people to form clubs.
Horsham was just such a place and George Hook G2CIL was just such a person and was
a founder member of the original Horsham Amateur Radio (Wireless??) Club. He
remembered receiving a letter from a Mr. Joe Cade about forming a club perhaps as
early as 1933, so the Club may be more than seventy years old but George did admit
that his memory for dates was not as good as it could be. What is certain is that
a meeting was held at Joe Cade's home in Hurst Avenue, attended by George and
Messrs. Joe Jones, Charlie Barnard, and a Mr. Sutcliffe. With the exception of
George, all these gentleman worked for the now defunct King and Barnes Brewery in
the Bishopric. Funny how beer and socialising feature in Amateur Radio, even in
those early years. Things don't change much do they?
As a result of this meeting, a Club was formed. The annual subscription was 3/6
(17 1/2p), which was quite a lot of money in those days, particularly for
youngsters. It is not known how many people actually belonged to this club but it
is know that the first meetings were held at the Nelson Arms in Trafalgar Road. A
Dr. Bradford accepted the invitation to become the Club's first President but he
never attended a meeting. The Landlord of the Nelson apparently complained that
the club members were not drinking enough of his beer (perhaps things do change),
and the fledgling HARC moved to the Bell Inn, in Park Street and then on to the
Alexander Arms in Brighton Road, which regrettably now no longer exist.
This brings us to 1938, when we know for certain that there was a club in existence,
but unfortunately none of the original records have survived. Consequently, what
little is know of these early years was gleaned from the memories of the few
founder members whose whereabouts were still known. The original club became
defunct upon the outbreak of war, although it is believed that a few meetings were
held during hostilities. Various attempts were made to restart the club after the
war, but none was successful until the present Club was inaugurated at a meeting
held on December 9th 1970. This meeting was attended by six people who elected
G3VPO as Chairman, G3PYC as Secretary, G3WZT as Treasurer and G3WBO, G3TNO and SWL
Tim Polley as Committee Members. G3TNO also had the title of Contests Manager,
indicating an interest in contests, which is still alive today.
Soon after the reformation, the Treasurer discovered that a bank account in the
name of the original club still existed, and that the money on deposit had been
accruing interest for over 30 years. After the necessary formalities, and with the
permission of those original members who could be located, the Bank agreed that the
newly reconstituted HARC was indeed the legal successor to the original club and
transferred the funds to the new club. It is for this reason that the present Club
regards itself as having been founded in 1938.
The first meetings of the reformed club were held in the Star Public House in
Roffey, but the venue soon changed to the now demolished Swan Public House in West
Street, now the site of Swan Walk Shopping Centre. The meeting place was again
changed in 1972 when meetings began to be held at the present location before its
refurbishment. The building was then a little Spartan and another change of venue
occurred in 1974 when the Club HQ moved to what was the County Council Emergency
Control Centre in Moons Lane Horsham. This building had the advantage of a large
aerial mast on the roof but the disadvantage of being incredibly cold, even in
summer. Some elderly members stopped attending as they regarded the building as a
"health hazard". Consequently, in 1978, the committee decided another move was
necessary and the meetings started to be held in the Parish Room in the Causeway.
During this time the Guide HQ had been refurbished and the Club returned there in
1981 and has remained there until the present day.
Returning to the early years, the subscription for 1970/71 was set at 10/- (50p)
after much discussion as one member thought that it should only be 5/-.
Unfortunately, inflation has inexorably pushed the subs up to the present level
of £15.00, but the Club's activities are far more extensive now than they were in
1970. In July 1971 the Treasurer reported the Club's liquid assets were only
£10.00, having been badly depleted by NFD expenses. It is interesting to note
that the then Treasurer, G3WZT, apologised at the March 1971 committee meeting for
not being able to produce a report due to the fact that he was involved in
preparation for his forthcoming marriage, which has resulted in his charming XYL
Janet still being involved with catering activities for the club at Field Days and
Junk Sales, although she is now assisted by several other YLs and XYLs!
The Club has had many long-standing committee members, the record for this being
held by John G3WZT, who was on the committee between 1970 and 1989. John served
as Chairman, Treasurer and Committee Member, although he did have a few months
leave of absence in the early seventies when working in Germany. Tony G3NPF was
on the Committee for eighteen years and also served as Secretary for a time. The
current Chairman, Adrian G4LRP and the current Secretary Alister G3ZBU have also
served for many years.
Returning again to the early years, in 1973, the Club was informed that a
Mr. Stroud had moved away from the Horsham area leaving a portable aerial mast in
his garage. He had instructed the new owners of the property to contact the Club
so they could collect their equipment. Since none of the present members knew
anything about it, or Mr Stroud, it was assumed that the mast must have belonged
to the pre-war club. To cut a long story short, the mast was reclaimed and is
still used for contests today, although many more sections have now been acquired.
The Club has continued to grow in membership over the years and has since acquired
an impressive array of equipment. It now possesses several aerials, a petrol
driven generator, several masts and associated guys, three tents, a Yaesu FT990 HF
transceiver, 1Kw linear amplifier, computer, two aerial rotators and a large amount
of ancillary equipment such as tables, chairs, cables etc. A 60ft winch operated
Versatower mounted on a trailer was owned by the club but has now been sold. The
Club obtained its own callsign, G4HRS, in 1978. The present Constitution, written
by Tony Wadsworth G3NPF, was adopted at an E.G.M. in 1985, replacing the original
constitution drawn up by Ron Polley G3PYC in 1970. At Annual General Meetings, the
Chairman uses a gavel which was obtained in 1978 and inscribed to the memory of the
late G4CHV, who was Chairman between 1976 and his death in 1978. Lawrence was a
gentleman in every sense of the word and is warmly remembered by all who knew him.
The Club has participated in many exhibitions over the years, notably the Lions
Galas held in Horsham Park in the seventies, the Charlwood Festival in 1980 and the
commemoration of 50 years of RAF Coolham in 1994. Coolham was an advanced landing
ground used during the Normandy campaign in 1944. The club operated a vintage
radio station and used the callsign GB5XQ (XQ being the wartime callsign of the
airfield).
In the early years, HARC entered the HF CW NFD contests but the Club is not very
strong on CW, G3LET, G3OGP, G3SWC, G3WZT etc, etc, excepted. VHF NFD was always a
firm favourite from the earliest years, but the club now enters only HF SSB Field
Day on a regular basis. This has now become a regular September event. In recent
years, the RSGB's Club Calls Contest, Affiliated Societies Contest and the Club
Championships have become very popular, probably because these contests are entered
by individual members from their home addresses. As their names suggest, Field
Days are usually held over a 24-hour period from portable locations, with operation
from tents or caravans by several members using a rotor system.
In 1982, John Webb, G3VGI, presented the Club with a cup that is presented annually
to a club member deemed to have contributed the most to the hobby over the
preceding year. The first holder of the "Webb Cup" was the late Arthur Platt G8KTB,
for having held the office of Secretary for twelve consecutive years between 1973
and 1985. Another past recipient has been Bryn G3SWC for his services teaching
Morse code and running the regular Morse tests conducted in Horsham on behalf of
the RSGB, until the abolition of the Morse proficiency requirements in July 2003.
The Cup has since been awarded to over twenty different Club Members for various
services to the Club and Amateur Radio in general.
With the advent of the current Amateur Radio licensing regime, HARC now runs
courses for all three licence grades, viz. Foundation, Intermediate and Advanced.
The Club has had considerable success in helping newcomers to gain their
Foundation Class Licences and in enabling others to upgrade their existing
Foundation or Intermediate Licences.
This brings us to the present day and the end of this potted history of HARC. The
Club meets on the first Thursday of each month at the Guide Headquarters in Denne
Road Horsham. The meetings start at 8pm and usually finish in time for a swift
half at the pub before closing time or a visit to an Indian Restaurant. Meetings
usually consist of a talk or demonstration on a radio or electronics related topic,
except for the March and October meetings, which are "Junk Sales" and the AGM,
which is held in December. Informal "Social Gatherings" are held every month at a
different hostelry each time. An informal Christmas Dinner at a local pub is
usually organised each year. The Club has a regular 2m net, run by G3PYC, on
144.725MHz, starting at 21:30hrs local time on Saturdays, and many club members
join the 80m Billingshurst and District Net (BADNET), run by G3NPF, on 3.722MHz,
starting at 10:00hrs local time on Sundays and on Christmas Morning. Callers into
either net are most welcome.
Finally HARC would like to thank the late George Hook, G2CIL who provided much of
the information about the pre-war days and the many other local amateurs who have
contributed information to make this story possible and to all those who continue
to make HARC the success it is today.
*************************************
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BADNET
The Billingshurst and District Net (the BADNET) was started over 50 years ago, by
a group of radio amateurs who liked to have a weekly chat on the air about anything
of mutual interest. The original members all lived in, or close to, the small town
of Billingshurst, which is about 6 miles west of Horsham, but, alas, they are all
now silent keys. Of the present members, Mike G3LHZ has the longest association
with the net but there are now no regular participants living in Billingshurst.
In reality, the BADNET is now the Horsham Amateur Radio Club's weekly net but the
original name is retained for nostalgic reasons. The net meets every Sunday
morning, and on Christmas morning, at 10.00hrs local time, on the 80m band. The
normal frequency is 3722kHz, but occasionally a slightly different frequency is
necessary, depending on QRM. Although now essentially a club net, all are welcome
to give the Station Master, Tony G3NPF, a call and join in. Indeed, some of the
current regular attendees are not HARC members.
Over the years, members of the BADNET have included business men, farmers, a
university professor, a chartered engineer, a doctor, a water engineer, the Vicar
of Wisborough Green, and many others. Original members included Les G2DVD, John
G3JEP, Alan G3HCU and Vic G3AFK. These were soon joined by Mike G3LHZ, Doc G3LKB,
Paul G3MAC and Trevor G3KWU. Clive G5PR, Ross G3ABJ, Ernie G8OS and George G8TH
occasionally joined the net. Later on, regular participants included Tony G3NPF,
Eric G3YWD, Ted G3POR, Ian G3PUX, Andy G3UDR, Paul G4ADF, David G4FQR, Dave G0MLG,
George G3OUX, Steve G3SXR and many others. Currently, the regular net members
include Tony G3NPF, Mike G3LHZ, Ron G3PYC, Andrew M0GJH, Brian G3GDU, Adrian G4LRP
and Maurice G0CDQ with occasional appearences from various other local and semi-
local stations. When Tony G3NPF is unavailable, the net is usually controlled by
Ron G3PYC. Also, the BADNET has many regular listeners, both licenced amateurs and
SWLs.
In the early years, the members, together with their partners, also met regularly
at social gatherings and an annual dinner. One of the traditions was to present
this chain of office to the "President"
of the group. Tony, G3NPF, was presented
with this chain at the last of these
social events to be held, although he has
only ever been the net controller. He
still has the chain although there is
now no suitable occasion when it can be
worn. Another tradition was to present
a toy trumpet to the net member adjudged
to be best at "blowing his own trumpet".
This was presented to Mike, G3LHZ, who
still has the trophy in his shack.
These presentations were last made over
30 years ago, when many of the original
net members were still alive. Although
HARC holds regular social events, such
as the annual Christmas dinner, it is
not really appropriate to display the
items at these gatherings as they relate
to a bygone era and many of the current
HARC members would be unlikely to
appreciate their significance in the
history of amateur radio in the Horsham
area.
It is not known who made the chain of
office but it consists of a costume
jewellery "gold" chain from which is
suspended a copper shield which is
marked as shown in the photo. The shield
is not engraved, with the markings
appearing to be stamped or scratched onto
the metal. A B9A valve pin straightener
is suspended from the shield using brass
wire. This reflects the "fun" side of
the hobby, with the "home-made" appearance exemplifying the nature of amateur radio
in the forties, fifties and sixties, when most equipment was home constructed and
the hobby lacked the sophistication and complexity we take for granted today.
It is amazing how many diverse
subjects are discussed on the BADNET,
ranging from the trivial to the highly
technical. Subjects have included
baroque trumpets (not to be confused
with Mike's trophy, which is pictured
here), sailing ships, small magnetic
loop antennas, satellites, radio
navigation systems, mathematical
puzzles, weather systems, refurbishing
elderly cars, model steam locomotive
boilers, home brew radio equipment,
garden ponds, welding techniques,
computing and many other subjects far
too numerous to mention. The quality,
or otherwise, of other station's
operating techniques is seldom, if
ever, discussed, which is in sharp
contrast to many other nets, where the
members appear to set themselves up as arbitors of good practice and to be the
hobby's "policemen".
Mike G3LHZ is a retired Professor at Surrey University and now runs his own
business. He is still carrying out research on magnetic loop antennas in his spare
time. Mike has written several papers on the subject, which have been published in
both the professional and amateur domains. Over the years, he has given local
clubs many interesting and thought provoking lectures.
Tony G3NPF is a retired Chartered Electrical Engineer. Tony spent most of his
working life in the defence electronics industry and is currently building a model
of the steam locomotive Britannia. He has also completed a small tank engine and a
single cylinder marine type vertical engine which was recently exhibited at the
Brighton Model Engineering Exhibition. Until recently, he was a member of
Washington Parish Council but also finds time to build the odd item of electronic
equipment and to help in the garden.
Ron G3PYC worked in the electronics, oil and chemical equipment industries prior to
his retirement some years ago. Ron has recently rebuilt an aged Mini and
refurbished a caravan. He has also won several trophies playing bowls when not
indulging in his other interests, such as astronomy and helping with his wife's
allotment.
Prior to his retirement, Brian G3GDU was employed by the Civil Aviation Authority.
Brian is a very accomplished photographer, often exhibiting and winning prizes at
photographic shows, and is a leading light in the Institute of Navigation, giving
lectures and writing technical articles for their journal and for several other
publications. Just for good measure, he is also a very talented musician and
amateur historian, mainly in the field of military radar and navigation aids.
Andrew M0GJH had a career in banking and is now involved with the RSGB's Regional
Representation Scheme. Andrew also helps organise HARC's training courses for the
Radio Amateur Licences. Andrew is a lover of wine, which often requires cross-
channel trips to replenish supplies. He is also a keen amateur light aircraft
pilot.
Before retiring, Maurice G0CDQ installed and maintained swimming pools and is
currently engaged in various antenna investigations, which often give rise to
technical discussions with Mike G3LHZ and other net participants.
Adrian G4LRP is the only net member currently in full time employment, being
somewhat younger than the other members! Adrian is currently employed in the
telephone communications industry but still finds time to pursue an interest in
full size steam trains and be the Chairman of HARC.
This wide range of interests and professional knowledge ensures the BADNET sessions
always include lively discussions on a huge range of subjects. This is in contrast
to many other regular nets where the subjects appear to be limited to the giving of
reports or revelations about the participants ailments but very little else!
**********************************
TWO ETHICAL QUESTIONS
Question 1
If you knew a woman who was pregnant, who already had eight kids, three of whom
were deaf, two were blind, one was mentally retarded and she had syphilis; would
you recommend that she had an abortion?
Read the next question (not related to the first) before reading the answer
Question 2
It is time to elect the world leader and yours is the deciding vote. Here are the
facts about the three candidates:-
Candidate A associates with crooked politicians and consults astrologers. He has
had two mistresses, he chain smokes and drinks eight to ten martinis a day.
Candidate B has previously been kicked out of office twice. He sleeps until noon,
used opium in college and drinks a quart of whiskey every evening.
Candidate C is a decorated war hero. He is a vegetarian, does not smoke, only
drinks the occasional beer and has not had any extramarital affairs.
Which of these candidates would be your choice?
**********************************
Watch this space!! 
More to come soon.
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